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Process control measures for steel dies

从H13钢的化学成分和组织特点可以看出，热加工工艺对H13钢模具的组织和性能有很大影响，为防止H13钢模具早期失效、延长使用寿命和提高经济效益，必须制定科学合理的热加工工艺。

From the chemical composition and microstructure characteristics of H13 steel, it can be seen that the hot working process has a great influence on the structure and properties of H13 steel die. In order to prevent the early failure of H13 steel die, prolong the service life and improve economic benefits, it is necessary to formulate a scientific and reasonable hot working process.

1．锻造工艺

1. forging process

H13钢合金元素含量高，导热性差，共晶温度比较低，容易引起过烧。对于直径大于Ø70mm的坯料，应先在800～900℃区间预热，然后在始锻温度1065～1175℃加热，锻造时进行多次拔长镦粗，总锻比大于4。

H13 steel has high content of alloy elements, poor thermal conductivity, low eutectic temperature and easy to cause overburning. For billets with a diameter greater than 70 mm, preheating should be done at 800-900 C first, then heating at the initial forging temperature of 1065-1175 C, drawing and upsetting several times during forging, and the total forging ratio is greater than 4.

2．球化退火工艺

2. spheroidizing annealing process

球化退火工艺的目的是均匀组织，降低硬度，改善切削加工性能，为淬火和回火做组织准备。球化退火工艺是在845～900℃保温（1h+1min）/mm，然后炉冷至720～740℃等温（2h+1min）/mm，最后炉冷至500℃出炉空冷，球化退火组织为粒状珠光体，硬度小于229HBS。球化质量可按GB/T1299-2000标准第一级别图进行评定。

The purpose of spheroidizing annealing process is to homogenize the microstructure, reduce hardness, improve cutting performance, and prepare microstructure for quenching and tempering. The spheroidizing annealing process is to keep temperature (1h + 1min) / mm at 845 ~ 900 C, then cool to 720 ~ 740 C, isothermal (2h + 1min) / mm, and finally cool to 500 C. The spheroidizing annealing structure is granular pearlite with hardness less than 229HBS. Nodular quality can be assessed according to the first level diagram of GB/T1299-2000 standard.

3. 淬火和回火工艺

3. quenching and tempering process

H13钢的最佳热处理工艺是1020～1080℃加热后油冷淬火或分级淬火，然后进行560～600℃两次回火，显微组织为回火托氏体+回火索氏体+剩余碳化物，显微硬度为48～52HRC。对于要求热硬性高的模具（压铸模）可取上限加热温度淬火。对于要求韧性为主的模具（热锻模）可取下限加热温度淬火。

The optimum heat treatment process of H13 steel is oil cold quenching or stepwise quenching after heating at 1020-1080 C, and then tempered twice at 560-600 C. The microstructure is tempered toroidite + tempered sorbite + residual carbide, and the microhardness is 48-52HRC. For the mould with high rigidity (die casting mold), the upper limit is to be heated and the temperature is quenched. For the ductile mold (hot forging die), the lower limit should be heated and temperature quenched.